Finance & LoansCompounded annually

Inflation Calculator

Inflation is compounding in reverse: a steady rate quietly halves what money buys over a couple of decades. Enter an amount, a span of years, and an average rate to see the equivalent figure and the purchasing power lost.

Amount & Period

Use an average annual rate for the period. Long-run US CPI has averaged roughly 3%.

$
years
Negative values model deflation
%
EQUIVALENT AMOUNT
Purchasing power lost
Total price increase
Value of $1
Years to halve value

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Two different questions, one formula

“What will $1,000 be worth in twenty years?” and “what would $1,000 from 2006 be worth now?” are the same calculation run in opposite directions. Forward, you divide by the compounding factor to get real value. Backward, you multiply to get the nominal equivalent. Mixing the two is the most common mistake in salary and pension discussions.

Why 3% does not feel like 3%

Compounding is the reason. At 3%, prices double in about 23 years — the rule of 70 divided by the rate gives a close approximation. A salary that has not moved in a decade has quietly lost roughly a quarter of its buying power even though the number on the payslip never fell.

Averages hide the shape

A single average rate across a long period smooths over the years that actually mattered. The early 1980s and the early 2020s both ran far above trend. For a precise historical conversion you want year-by-year index values; for planning and for salary arguments, an average is the right tool and this is it.

How the maths works

Real value forward is A / (1 + r)n; nominal equivalent backward is A × (1 + r)n. The halving time uses ln(2) / ln(1 + r), which is the exact form of the rule of 70.

Frequently Asked Questions

What inflation rate should I use for planning?
For US long-run planning, 2.5–3% is a common assumption and roughly matches the post-1990 average. Central bank targets sit near 2%. Using a slightly higher figure than target is the conservative choice for retirement planning, where underestimating is expensive.
Does this use real CPI data?
No. It applies a constant average rate you supply, compounded annually. That is deliberate: it makes the assumption visible and lets you test scenarios. Official index-based conversion requires year-by-year CPI values and answers a narrower question.
Why is my raise a pay cut?
If prices rose 4% and your salary rose 2%, your purchasing power fell about 2%. The payslip number went up, which is why this is easy to miss. Enter your old salary with the inflation rate for the period to see the figure you would need today to be level.
What does negative inflation do?
Deflation reverses everything: money buys more later, and the equivalent amount falls. It sounds pleasant and generally is not, because it also raises the real weight of existing debt and tends to accompany weak demand.